CRYPTOCURRENCY: LEGALITAS DI INDONESIA, PANDANGAN HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM DAN PERILAKU INVESTOR CRYPTO DI KAB. BONE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30863/aliqtishad.v18i1.11863Keywords:
Cryptocurrency, Legalitas, Hukum Ekonomi Islam, Perilaku Investor, RegulasiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas cryptocurrency di Indonesia, mengkaji statusnya dalam perspektif hukum ekonomi Islam, serta memahami perilaku investor cryptocurrency di Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur dan wawancara terhadap investor lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cryptocurrency di Indonesia memiliki status legalitas terbatas (limited legality), di mana negara mengakui sebagai aset investasi namun melarang penggunaannya sebagai alat pembayaran demi menjaga kedaulatan mata uang. Dalam perspektif hukum ekonomi Islam, cryptocurrency berada dalam wilayah ikhtilaf, dengan kecenderungan pada sikap kehati-hatian karena mengandung potensi unsur gharar, maisir, dan dharar, meskipun terdapat peluang kebolehan secara bersyarat dalam kerangka maqashid syariah.
Secara empiris, perilaku investor di Kabupaten Bone didominasi oleh orientasi keuntungan jangka pendek, pengaruh media sosial, serta fenomena Fear of missing out (FOMO), yang mencerminkan kecenderungan spekulatif dan rendahnya literasi keuangan syariah. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan antara regulasi, prinsip syariah, dan praktik di lapangan (normative gap). Selain itu, tingginya volatilitas, risiko penipuan, serta minimnya perlindungan hukum memperkuat kompleksitas ekosistem cryptocurrency. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa cryptocurrency merupakan fenomena multidimensional yang berada di persimpangan antara inovasi teknologi, regulasi negara, dan nilai-nilai hukum Islam. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan integratif melalui penguatan regulasi, peningkatan literasi keuangan digital dan syariah, serta internalisasi nilai kehati-hatian agar praktik investasi dapat berjalan secara lebih rasional, adil, dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan jangka panjang.
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